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Original articles for buyers and engineering firms: regulatory framework, materials, inspection and process trends. Informational content, not engineering or legal advice.
Sources reviewed on 30 October 2026
Scope, categories, conformity assessment, CE marking and harmonised standards of Directive 2014/68/EU explained for buyers of pressure reactors and vessels.
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Preliminary input data, agitation, thermal behaviour, materials, documentation and questions for the manufacturer to prepare a pressure reactor enquiry without design calculations.
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Differences between Directive 2014/34/EU on equipment and 1999/92/EC on worker safety, zone classification and what to prepare before buying equipment for explosive atmospheres.
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Stainless steel, duplex, superduplex, nickel alloys and cladding explained for buyers: why corrosion and cracking depend on conditions and selection belongs to specialists.
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Royal Decree 809/2021 and its ITCs regulate putting into service and periodic inspections in Spain, a different framework from PED placing on the market. Frequency, inspection bodies and what to review before an inspection.
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The Commission reported on 7 September 2026 the start of operation of Yara's CO₂ capture at Sluiskil, with liquefaction, ship transport and storage at Northern Lights. Which equipment is involved and what to ask.
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